Scania has conducted a test in which an autonomous made a complex manoeuvre on a relatively busy road.
Autonomous vehicles and advanced driver assistance systems need robust and precise positioning to enable reliable operations.
This is especially important in the early transitional phase of the technology, when other vehicles around it will not be automated.
The Galileo global navigation satellite system, in combination with other positioning and sensor technologies, is the answer to this positioning puzzle.
The innovative solution was developed in the PRoPART project – Precise and Robust Positioning for Automated Road Transports, which involves Scania and six partners – and could be a key enabler for autonomous transports in the future.
‘Centimetre-level’ positioning
The solution was recently demonstrated in a recreated motorway situation at the AstaZero test area in Sweden, with a connected autonomous truck and two unconnected manned cars.
As part of the test, a Scania self-driving truck executed a safe and efficient lane change in traffic.
The manoeuvre was managed by the new system, relying on centimetre-level positioning combined with collaborative perception sensor data.
The project demonstrated that it was possible to pinpoint the position with ten-centimetre accuracy.
The truck could execute the manoeuvre due to the precise positioning and an accurate representation of the whole surrounding environment.
This was achieved by fusing data from the truck’s camera and front and side radars combined with radars mounted on roadside units.
Infrastructure-to-vehicle communications
“In addition to positioning, we’ve also added infrastructure-to-vehicle communications,” says project coordinator Stefan Nord, RISE, the Swedish Research Institute.
Ordinarily, autonomous vehicles rely on their own sensors to interpret and process data on the surrounding environment.
“If vehicles share information, you can extend their horizon and benefit from data from another vehicle to also look around the corner and thereby gather more data as a basis for manoeuvring decisions,” explains Nord.
Fredrik Hoxell, a development engineer at Scania Intelligent Transport Systems, says: “In the project, we focused on achieving a positioning error below 20 centimetres in combination with an ambitious target integrity risk – that is, the probability of the position error exceeding this error limit.
“However, for deployment in real-life traffic situations, which tend to be much more dynamic and unstructured, there are of course many more vehicle and system characteristics and possible sources of errors that need to be handled.”
He adds: “Scania is presently investigating several different positioning solutions. Reliable and high-integrity navigation is absolutely essential when operating autonomous vehicles in uncontrolled environments.
“These trials offer one possible facet of the overall challenge related to navigation support on the journey towards safe and sustainable autonomous transport.”
